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Writ Petition No. 2205 of 1984, heard on 4th February, 1986.

‑‑‑S. 25‑A‑‑West Pakistan Industrial and Commercial Employment (Standing Orders) Ordinance (VI of 1968), S.2(i)‑‑ rievance petition‑Workman‑‑Termination of service‑‑Person a Branch Manager in an Insurance Company whose business primarily involved knowledge of ins and outs of insurance business, ability to successfully Advocate benefits of insurance and persuade people to take insurance policy‑‑Such person, in connection with such a business had to move from one client to another which would hardly lend a complexion of manual work to his assignment‑‑Petitioner not doing any clerical work, and typing work done by him merely was occasional and not a part of duties assigned to him‑‑Work of such person, held, was not manual and he was not covered within definition of 'workman‑as given in S.2(i) of Ordinance VI of 1968 and he could not invoke provisions of Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969.

Zubair Ahmad v. Sind Labour Appellate Tribunal, Karachi PLD 1985 Kar. 760 ref.

M. Farani for Petitioner.

Sardar Sami Hayat for Respondents.

Date of hearing: 4th February, 1986.

The petitioner was working as a Branch Manager, with the respondent Company and drawing a consolidated salary of 88.1,273. His services were dispensed with. He called in question the termination of his services, on a number of grounds through a grievance petition under section 25‑A of the Industrial Relations Ordinance, 1969. The petition was contested by the respondent inter alia on the plea that the petitioner held a supervisory position; he was not a workman and thus could not invoke the provisions of the I.R.O. and the Standing Orders Ordinance, 1968.

2. The Labour Court took the view that as the petitioner had to run for the Insurance business, to achieve a particular target, the nature of his duties was manual and not supervisory. With this view the learned Labour Appellate Tribunal did not agree and maintained that:‑

".... He should have shown that he was covered by the definition of workman given in section 2 (i) of the Standing Orders Ordinance, 1968. oing door‑to‑door and asking people to get themselves insured with the appellant Company was neither a manual nor clerical work. Manual work is that which is done by hands. For clerical work a typist had been given to him. So, he is not covered by the definition given in Standing Orders Ordinance, 1968."

Accordingly by the Tribunal's order dated 28‑3‑1984 the respondent's appeal was accepted and the order terminating the petitioner's services was restored. This order is under challenge in this writ petition.

3. Both the sides agree with the sole point falling for determination in this case, is, as to whether or not the petitioner is a workman within the meaning of clause (i) of section 2 of the Standing Orders Ordinance, 1968. This clause is reproduced below:‑

'Workman' means any person employed in any industrial or commercial establishment to do any skilled or unskilled, manual or clerical work for hire or reward."

In order to qualify as a workman, the petitioner must show that he performed any "skilled or unskilled, manual or clerical work". The evidence on the record, regarding nature of the duties performed by the petitioner, consists of his own deposition and that of Farhat Ullah Baig Deputy General Manager of the respondent‑company. It is in the statement of the petitioner that he had to visit his clients and go to the factories, for insurance work. He admitted that he did not discharge any clerical duty; a clerk and a peon were provided to him; the typing work was done by the clerk but if the latter was absent or there was urgency the petitioner did the typing work himself. The Deputy General Manager deposed that a car, a telephone and an office with staff were placed at the petitioner's disposal; if and when the typist was absent, the petitioner got the typing work done through some other persons.

4. On behalf of the petitioner, the argument advanced before the Tribunal below, that the soliciting of insurance business constituted manual work has been repeated before us. On the authority of Zubair Ahmad v. Sind Labour Appellate Tribunal, Karachi P L D 1985 Kar. 760, it is further submitted that the word "or" figuring in between the words, "manual" and "clerk" in the definition clause, is not to be read disjunctively. The argument is that the insurance business handled by the petitioner coupled with the typing work to which he had to resort occasionally, clothed him with the status of a workman for the purposes of Standing Orders Ordinance.

5. We are unable to agree with this line of reasoning. It is to be noticed that as distinguished from mental and intellectual exercise, the manual work entails physical exertion. The soliciting of insurance business primarily involves the knowledge of the ins and outs of the insurance business, ability to successfully Advocate the benefits of insurance and persuade others to take the insurance policy. If in connection with such a business the petitioner had to move from one client to another, that would hardly lend a complexion of manual work to his assignment. Further, the stand taken up by the company that the facility of using the car, was available to the petitioner, cannot be brushed aside readily. As regards the clerical work, there is a categorical admission of the petitioner that no such work was performed by him. The typing, if any, done by him, was merely occasional and not a part of the duties assigned to him. We are also of the view that in the context of the nature of the duties of the petitioner, construing of the word "or" as "and" in the interpretation clause, in consonance with the enunciation made in the precedent aforesaid, does not advance his cause in any manner.

6. There is no good reason to differ with the learned Labour Appellate Tribunal. Consequently, this writ petition is dismissed but H with no order as to costs.

M. Y. H. Petition dismissed

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